What is calcium (Ca)

Calcium is an essential and the most abundant mineral in the human body, making up about 1–2% of body weight. About 99% of this mineral is found in the bones and teeth, while the remaining 1% is present in the blood, muscles and intercellular fluids. This mineral is crucial for many physiological processes, including the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, muscle contraction, the transmission of nerve impulses and blood clotting. Since the body cannot synthesize this mineral, it must be obtained through food or supplements.

The role of calcium (Ca)

This mineral has several key functions in the body:

Formation and maintenance of bones and teeth: This mineral is the main building material for bones and teeth, helping to maintain their strength and structure. During childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, this mineral contributes to bone growth, while later in life it helps maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis.
Muscle contraction: This mineral plays a key role in muscle contraction, including the heart muscle. It enables muscle fibers to contract and relax, which is necessary for all types of movement.
Transmission of nerve impulses: This mineral is crucial for the transmission of nerve impulses, enabling nerve cells to communicate. This process is necessary for the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system.
Blood clotting: This mineral is important for blood coagulation. It activates the proteins needed for the formation of blood clots, which help prevent excessive bleeding after injuries.
Enzymatic reactions: This mineral acts as a coenzyme in numerous enzymatic reactions that are necessary for metabolic processes in the body.

Calcium (Ca) deficiency

A deficiency of this mineral can lead to several health problems:

Osteoporosis: A long-term deficiency of this mineral can reduce bone density, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis, especially in older people.
Rickets: In children, a deficiency of this mineral can cause rickets, a condition characterized by soft and deformed bones due to insufficient mineralization.
Hypocalcemia: This condition occurs when the levels of this mineral in the blood are too low, causing symptoms such as muscle cramps, tingling in the fingers, confusion and heart rhythm problems.
Dental problems: A deficiency of this mineral can weaken the teeth and increase the risk of cavities and other dental problems.

Excessive intake

Excessive intake of this mineral can have negative effects:

Hypercalcemia: This condition occurs when the levels of this mineral in the blood are too high, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation and stomach pain, and in severe cases it can damage the kidneys and create heart problems.
Kidney stones: Long-term intake of high doses of this mineral can increase the risk of kidney stone formation, especially when combined with a high intake of vitamin D.
Reduced absorption of other minerals: Excessive intake of this mineral can interfere with the absorption of other essential minerals, such as magnesium and zinc.

Related vitamins and minerals

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VITAMINSMINERALS

Vitamin C

ANTIOXIDANT

Strengthens the immune system, protects cells from oxidative stress and helps iron absorption. It participates in collagen synthesis for healthy skin, teeth and blood vessels.

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Global Natures Pharma d.o.o. Porečka 11, Belgrade.

What is calcium (Ca)

The role of calcium (Ca)

Calcium (Ca) deficiency

Excessive intake

Related vitamins and minerals

7 vitamins, 3 minerals

Information

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